Neurosurgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the surgical treatment of diseases involving the central and peripheral nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Neurosurgery allows brain tumours to be removed, improving neurological function. This medical procedure prevents brain haemorrhage and reduces the risk of stroke to the extent that arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cerebral aneurysms and other vascular disorders are treated surgically. Neurosurgery also treats peripheral nerve injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or traumatic nerve injuries.

The neurosurgical examination is a specialized consultation aimed at the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as the spine. During the meeting, the neurosurgeon gathers detailed information about the patient's medical history, assesses the symptoms present, and, if necessary, prescribes specific diagnostic tests such as MRI, computed tomography, or electromyography.