Aerosol is a treatment involving the dispersion of solid or liquid particles in a gas. In the medical field, aerosol delivers drugs directly to the lungs through inhalation. This form of administration is known as inhalation therapy. It enables the drugs to reach the airways quickly and act directly on the target tissues. This is an asset in treating respiratory disorders such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aerosols act mainly at the pulmonary level, reducing the amount of the drug entering the bloodstream, minimising the risk of systemic side effects and improving the treatment's safety overall.

Inhalation is the process by which substances such as drugs or vapours are administered and inhaled. Inhalation treatment directly introduces substances into the lungs, allowing them to act effectively in the respiratory tract. Inhalation is an effective method for administering drugs that need to act locally in the lungs or have a rapid effect. Inhaling drugs may reduce systemic exposure compared to other routes and administration options, such as oral intake. This treatment proves effective, as inhalation is often more comfortable than injections or tablets, leading to better treatment compliance.

Combining aerosols and inhalation provides an effective treatment method because it integrates aerosols and medication. An aerosol is employed to administer the drug, followed by inhalation. The aerosol assists in evenly distributing the drug within the respiratory tract, while inhalation ensures direct delivery to the target lung tissues. For some individuals, using both aerosol and inhalation methods may be better tolerated than other forms of administration. This approach can enhance compliance with treatment by better aligning with the patient's specific needs. Moreover, the combined use of aerosol and inhalation allows the precise targeting of the drug to the respiratory tract or lungs, offering a distinct advantage in treating respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, or lung infections.

A micronised nasal shower, nasal irrigation or a nasal wash involves irrigating the nasal cavities with a sterile saline solution. This procedure can be performed with various devices, including nasal irrigations, syringes, or wash bottles. The micronised nasal shower removes mucus and nasal secretions, alleviating nasal congestion. This treatment is recommended for colds, sinusitis, and seasonal allergies. Also, the micronised nasal shower has a preventive effect, helping eliminate pollen, dust, bacteria, and other irritants from the nasal cavities and sinuses, reducing the risk of infections and respiratory diseases. Removing secretions and irritating particles directly improves the sense of smell and overall breathing, allowing a more unrestricted air flow through the nostrils.

Sonic aerosol technology uses high-frequency sound waves to convert a liquid solution into an aerosol, which is then inhaled for therapeutic purposes. Sonic aerosols produce fine, uniform particles that easily penetrate the respiratory tract and reach deeper areas of the lungs. The lung tissue is quicker to absorb the ultrafine particles created by sonic aerosol, allowing treatment to begin more quickly. The sonic aerosol offers highly personalised treatment because of its ability to generate particles of controlled size, enabling the tailoring of treatments to the patient's specific needs and medical condition Besides being customisable, the sonic aerosol can administer a wide range of drugs—including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and mucolytics—to treat various respiratory conditions.

Direct jet inhalations, or aerosol therapy inhalations, directly deliver medication to the respiratory tract to treat various conditions, such as asthma, bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. Direct jet inhalations can provide rapid relief from respiratory symptoms such as bronchospasm, coughing, and shortness of breath as the drug is administered directly to the airways. This treatment is generally recommended for children who may struggle with oral medications, improving compliance and ensuring more effective management of their respiratory condition.

Humage is a treatment that involves inhaling gases contained in thermal waters. Compressed air is passed through a vessel containing thermal water to produce these gases. The compressed air releases the active ingredients of the thermal water, which are then inhaled and conveyed by air pressure into the jet breathed in by the patient. The gaseous state allows the water to diffuse into the respiratory tract, entering the bronchial branches and eventually reaching the alveoli and paranasal cavities. Humage is a treatment similar to inhalation, differing in the instruments used, which can break down thermal water into smaller particles with diameters between 3 and 8 microns. Since humage penetrates the deepest parts of the respiratory tract, it is crucial in treating diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract, such as recurrent and chronic bronchitis. It can also prevent bronchial asthma and respiratory tract infections in general.

Atomisation is a technique to deliver drugs directly to the lungs via inhalation. This method ensures the drugs reach the lungs quickly without passing through the digestive tract. Atomisation is commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Indeed, inhaled anti-asthmatic drugs effectively reduce inflammation and airway obstruction, allowing the patient to breathe freely and control symptoms. For treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atomisaiton helps deliver bronchodilators and corticosteroids directly to the lungs, helping to optimise breathing and reduce airway obstruction. In other instances, atomisation helps administer antibiotics for treating lung infections, such as pneumonia or chronic bacterial infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

Nasal irrigation is a treatment that involves cleaning and moisturising the nostrils. It entails washing the nasal cavities with a saline solution, using either an irrigating bottle or a neti pot. Nasal irrigation assists in clearing mucus and nasal secretions, thereby reducing congestion and symptoms associated with colds and flu. For sufferers of seasonal or pollen allergies, this treatment helps remove allergens and irritants from the nasal cavities, thereby minimising allergic symptoms. Nasal irrigation also serves as a preventive measure by keeping the nasal cavities clean, thereby reducing the risk of sinus infections (sinusitis). From a post-operative perspective, nasal irrigation is recommended to help patients maintain clean nasal cavities and support the healing process following operations such as septoplasty and sinus surgery.

Cave therapy, also known as thermal cave steam bathing, is a therapeutic practice that involves immersing the body in caves or natural environments rich in hot steam and volcanic gases, typically found in geothermal areas. Cave therapy aids muscle relaxation, as the heat and steam help to soothe muscles, relieve muscle tension, and reduce pain associated with conditions like muscle contractures, joint pain, and nerve tension. This natural and tranquil environment in which cave therapy is conducted also enhances the mind-body connection, reducing stress and anxiety levels. Besides its benefits for the musculoskeletal system, cave therapy is also recommended for respiratory conditions. The moist, warm air in steam baths helps to dilate the airways, easing breathing for those suffering from asthma or bronchitis. Furthermore, heat and humidity help dissolve mucus in the lungs and airways, clearing them and improving respiratory function. Again, on a respiratory level, cave therapy has an anti-inflammatory effect, as the heat generated can reduce pain associated with conditions like sinusitis or laryngitis.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary approach designed to optimise the respiratory function and quality of life for individuals with chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. This treatment includes specific breathing exercises that improve lung capacity and physical endurance. Pulmonary rehabilitation supports individuals in carrying out daily activities with minimal physical exertion. Breathing exercises and breath management techniques reduce the feeling of breathlessness (dyspnoea), enhancing the ability to perform everyday actions. Additionally, pulmonary rehabilitation incorporates aerobic and resistance training sessions that boost respiratory function and associated strength and endurance, thus optimising muscle function.

Pulmonary ventilation is a therapeutic approach designed to enhance respiratory function and manage conditions that affect breathing and ventilation. There are two main types of lung ventilation: invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV). Invasive mechanical ventilation is for patients unable to breathe independently or who suffer from severe respiratory insufficiency; this method maintains ventilation and oxygenation in patients with more critical conditions. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is used to treat acute and chronic respiratory failure without the need for intubation. It improves ventilation, reduces respiratory fatigue, and eases breathing, helping patients recover quickly.